There are currently tens of theoretical models, able to explain such aspects of high energy physics as dark matter, theory of inflation, bariosynthesis, Higgs mechanism etc. The discovery of the Universe acceleration of expansion, precise measurements of characteristics of the Cosmic Microwave Background, indirect confirmations of the dark matter existence in the Universe have significantly pushed the development of both observational and theoretical cosmology. The connection between cosmological processes in the early Universe and physics of elementary particles is getting clearer. Theories with additional compact measurements (multidimensional gravity) have shown their efficiency in the explanation of a series of phenomena in cosmology as well as in physics of elementary particles, such as inflation, baryon asymmetry, black holes and dark matter. In connection with it the multidimensional gravity can become one of the basics of the fundamental theoretical physics. Currently theories with additional spaces are a relevant research direction in theoretical physics.
The development of colliders led to the discovery of a big number of new particles, which was a great confirmation of the Standard Model (SM) of the particle physics. The real SM triumph was the discovery of the Higgs boson in LHC experiments in CERN. However, despite the SM success in explanation of high-energy physics, there is a series of questions and problems, which can’t be explained by it. This relates, for example, to the explanation of the baryon asymmetry phenomenon, the origin of the Higgs field, the production of the early quasars etc.
A theoretical direction, which is based on the idea of multidimensional gravity, is developed at MEPhI Department № 40 under the supervision of Dr. Sci. in Physics and Mathematics, Professor S.G.Rubin.
For the past several years interesting results have been obtained on the basis of this research. In thesis of one of the Department employees Alexey Grobov “Effects of extra spaces in particle physics and cosmology”, models, suggested and worked out by him, are based on the ideas of multidimensional gravity and allow reach better understanding of connections between astrophysics and microphysics phenomena. In his work Alexey is looking at how extra spaces can act in our Universe. “Universe can be represented as multidimensional complex structure, and, from the four-dimension point of view, the Universe multidimensionality will expose itself in the existence of particles,” said the scientists.
The scientific group is based on the fact that the Universe was born with asymmetrical distorted extra spaces, which, evolving, have become a stable configuration. In the process of extra spaces’ symmetrization there appear gage symmetries, which allow explain the phenomenon of baryon asymmetries. The Universe baryon asymmetry is the observable dominance of matter over the antimatter in the visible part of the universe. It is supposed that baryon asymmetry can be connected with the presence of the dark matter. The search for primary antimatter and matter is very important, because it is impossible to interpret some of the experiment results in a usual way. “For example, a famous effect, discovered at PAMELA detector, is interpreted as the existence of the dark matter, which annihilates with the positron production. The detection of antinuclei in cosmic rays will mean the existence of the primary antimatter, produced at the initial stage of the Universe evolution.”
Symmetries are important in physics of elementary particles. In multidimensional gravity the symmetry, which extra space has, leads to the observed symmetry in the Lagrange function and conservation laws (Noether theorem). “It is known, for example, that symmetry of physical laws in relation to time transition means the equivalence of each moment of time, which leads to the energy conservation law. If we compare the radioactive decay at different moments of time under the same conditions, the physical law won’t change. The symmetry in relation to system shifts in space will mean the space homogeneity, which leads to the law of conservation of angular momentum. The scientists’ task is the research of different symmetries.”
As the result of the work, it has been shown for the first time, that the relaxation processes of the metrics of extra space with torus topology lead to the observable excess of baryons. “We have considered the processes of symmetrisation of extra initially non-symmetric space, and what it leads to. That way a cosmological model was built, which allows describe the production of the Universe baryon asymmetry, based on the evolution of extra space.”
Currently everything points at the fact that in the centres of galaxies there are supermassive black holes with masses of millions and billions of the Sun masses. In astrophysics there are mechanisms, which allow explain the production of such holes. The data of the observations shows the existence of such massive and early produced holes, that their appearing can’t be explained in a standard way. An approach, developed in the scientific group of Professor S.G.Rubin, allows show, that the evolution of scalar fields at the inflation stage of the Universe development leads to the formation of primary black holes in a wide range of masses, which gives the opportunity to describe the process of re-ionization and early quasars’ formation.
The work, conducted in the theoretical group of Department №40, shows, that the hypothesis about the existence of extra space dimensions provides wide opportunities for explanation of different phenomena and effects of cosmology and particle physics.
